Active stability of the shield tunneling face crossing an adjacent existing tunnel: transparent clay model test and DEM simulation
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tunnel face stability is critical for tunneling safety, especially in constructing a tunnel adjacent to another. In tunnel construction, if there is an adjacent existing tunnel and the active failure of the tunnel face happens, there will be severe consequences. Therefore, the active stability of shield tunnel face should be studied considering existing tunnels nearby. In this work, a series of transparent clay model tests were conducted to investigate the active stability of a shield tunnel face adjacent to an existing tunnel based on the development process, failure mode, influence range and support force. In addition, discrete element method was used to study the shield tunnel face stability under various conditions. The role of existing tunnels on the shield tunnel face stability was discussed. The failure mode of the shield tunnel face is an overall failure mode and similar to a wedge shape and ladder shape along the longitudinal and transverse section, respectively. The critical support force ratio is approximately 4.5%. The relative vertical and horizontal distance have significant influences on failure mode, while the influence of burial depth and overlapping angles are not significant.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it