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North American Trade

2022· book-chapter· en· W4311883873 on OpenAlexaffabout
Robert Brookfield, Lori Di Pierdomenico

Bibliographic record

VenueOxford University Press eBooks · 2022
Typebook-chapter
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicGlobal Political and Economic Relations
Canadian institutionsGlobal Affairs Canada
Fundersnot available
KeywordsFree trade agreementQuarter (Canadian coin)NegotiationPolitical scienceInternational tradeModernization theoryPoliticsFree tradeEconomic historyPolitical economyEconomicsLawHistory

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract On 16 August 2017, Canada, the United States, and Mexico officially launched the ‘re-negotiation’ of the NAFTA, which up until that point had presided over nearly a quarter century of North American trade. US President Trump made it clear that unless drastic changes were made to it, the US would withdraw from the NAFTA. In some respects, it had become clear that an agreement first implemented during the pre-digitalized age, and well-before issues like environment and labour standards were comprehensively addressed within FTAs, was badly in need of changes and modernization. Given its dissatisfaction with the agreement and other issues, the United States was engaging in the politics of breakdown in the rule of law to force change. Once the dust had settled and the new agreement in place, however, it was remarkable in that despite the ringing criticisms, it was clear the NAFTA was mostly left in place, but with a few key improvements, updates, and additions to signal a revised commitment of the Parties to North American trade.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other
Teacher disagreement score0.993
Threshold uncertainty score0.730

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.030
GPT teacher head0.223
Teacher spread0.193 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreOther

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2022
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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