Xylem Development and Xylem Conductivity of Furrowed Xylem in Stem Terminals of Five Species of Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae)
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Xylem cells are responsible for water transport and mechanical support in most plants. Since vines depend upon other plants for mechanical support, the main responsibility of xylem cells in vines is primarily water transport and not mechanical support. The purpose of the current study was to study xylem characteristics in stems of five species of Aristolochia. Tissue samples from about 1.0 to 5.5 mm in diameter were processed with standard histological techniques. Anatomical characteristics were similar among all five species. Results show: (1) interfascicular cambia were not present, so stems had only furrowed xylem, (2) numbers of vascular bundles in stems were specific for each species and did not increase as stems enlarged, (3) radii of vessels were not dimorphic for any species, (4) numbers of vessels were linearly related with stem diameters, and (5) the largest half of all vessels supplied 95% of total xylem conductivity. To our knowledge, this is the first publication to document the development of furrowed xylem, describing both vessel characteristics and xylem conductivities in stems of Aristolochia species.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it