Xylem Development and Xylem Conductivity of Furrowed Xylem in Stem Terminals of Five Species of Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Xylem cells are responsible for water transport and mechanical support in most plants. Since vines depend upon other plants for mechanical support, the main responsibility of xylem cells in vines is primarily water transport and not mechanical support. The purpose of the current study was to study xylem characteristics in stems of five species of Aristolochia. Tissue samples from about 1.0 to 5.5 mm in diameter were processed with standard histological techniques. Anatomical characteristics were similar among all five species. Results show: (1) interfascicular cambia were not present, so stems had only furrowed xylem, (2) numbers of vascular bundles in stems were specific for each species and did not increase as stems enlarged, (3) radii of vessels were not dimorphic for any species, (4) numbers of vessels were linearly related with stem diameters, and (5) the largest half of all vessels supplied 95% of total xylem conductivity. To our knowledge, this is the first publication to document the development of furrowed xylem, describing both vessel characteristics and xylem conductivities in stems of Aristolochia species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".