Optimizing the immobilization of biosurfactant-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in alginate beads
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Context: Biosurfactants are amphipathic molecules that reduce surface tension. The major reasons to economically production of the biosurfactant are their health, safety, environmental management, and promising applications. Aims: To optimize the immobilization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a biosurfactant producer in alginate beads. Methods: Biosurfactant production by P. aeruginosa was confirmed through the hemolysis test, emulsification index, and surface activity measurement. Calcium alginate encapsulation technique was used in order to entrap the P. aeruginosa cells. Full factorial design was employed to optimize bead preparation. Furthermore, the morphology and the stability of beads were evaluated. Results: It was proved that immobilized cells can be preserved the viability and biosurfactant production. Application of full factorial design indicated that the values of three parameters sodium alginate 3%, CaCl2 1% (w/v), and hardening time of 35 min, was found to be too stable for minimum surface tension and stable alginate gel beads. Conclusions: The alginate gel beads showed stability during the growing process and the immobilized cells efficiently were viable. Alginate source, hardening time, and the interaction between CaCl2 concentration and hardening time influenced on the bead preparation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".