The role of peridotite and pyroxenite melts in the origin of the Karapınar basalts, Cappadocia Volcanic Province, Central Anatolia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates the mantle source characteristics of the Quaternary Karapınar Basalts from the southwestern part of the Cappadocia Volcanic Province (CVP) in Central Anatolia using a combination of whole-rock and olivine major-and trace-element geochemistry as well as olivine oxygen isotope composition.Petrographic features and trace element distributions demonstrate that the Karapınar basalts can be classified into two sub-groups as basalt-1 (KB1/ alkaline-calc-alkaline) and basalt-2 (KB2/calc-alkaline).Although these two types of basalts are petrographically, texturally and geochemically different, they exhibit similar "orogenic type" incompatible trace element patterns in MORB-normalized diagrams.KB1 basalts are relatively primitive (e.g., up to 12 wt.% MgO) and calc-alkaline to mildly alkaline (Ne-normative content up to 5 %) in character, whereas KB2 basalts are enclave-bearing, calc-alkaline (hypersthene-normative plus quartz or olivine) ones with the more evolved composition.The most primitive olivine from the KB1 exhibits normal zoning, from core compositions of Fo 89 to rim compositions of Fo 86, with a concomitant decreasing in Ni and increasing MnO and CaO contents.On the contrary, the KB2 olivines show both inverse and normal zoning in terms of CaO and MnO contents.Moreover, the studied olivine phenocrysts have enriched rims and/or growth zones in Li, Zn, Cr, Ti, Sc, and V contents, which indicates a source containing recycled continental crust and/or magma recharging processes.The olivine from the most primitive samples (KB1; MgO > 10 wt.%) has high Zn/Fe, Fe/Mn, Co, Zn, Ni, Ca, and low Mn/Zn, Co/Fe values indicating melt addition from a pyroxenitic source.Calculations based on the olivine chemistry indicate that the most primitive nepheline normative KB1 rocks originated from the melting of mixed pyroxenitic-peridotitic source that shows the average proportion of ~70 % and ~30 %, respectively.The mean δ 18 O values of olivine phenocrysts (+ 6.4 ‰; n = 8) from the Karapınar basaltic rocks are higher than typical mantle olivine (+ 5.1-5.4‰) but overlap known OIB-EMII sources (+ 5.4-6.1 ‰).Collected data indicate that the Karapınar basalts are the mixing products of partial melts from mantle peridotite and metasomatic pyroxenite generated by the reaction of the subducted oceanic slab-derived melts with the surrounding peridotite, related to the convergence system of the Eurasian and Afro-Arabian plates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".