Asymmetry in the Complexity of the Multi-Commodity Network Pricing Problem
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The network pricing problem (NPP) is a bilevel problem, where the leader optimizes its revenue by deciding on the prices of certain arcs in a graph, while expecting the followers (also known as the commodities) to choose a shortest path based on those prices. In this paper, we investigate the complexity of the NPP with respect to two parameters: the number of tolled arcs, and the number of commodities. We devise a simple algorithm showing that if the number of tolled arcs is fixed, then the problem can be solved in polynomial time with respect to the number of commodities. In contrast, even if there is only one commodity, once the number of tolled arcs is not fixed, the problem becomes NP-hard. We characterize this asymmetry in the complexity with a novel property named strong bilevel feasibility. Finally, we describe an algorithm to generate valid inequalities to the NPP based on this property, accommodated with numerical results to demonstrate its effectiveness in solving the NPP with a high number of commodities.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it