Delayed neck cutoff in the meandering Black River of the Qinghai–Tibet plateau
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Neck cutoffs in meandering rivers have long been thought to occur when the neck width (b) approximates the mean width of the parent channel (W). Empirical evidence for this paradigm is scarce, however, because tracking late‐stage evolution of meander bends prior to cutoff at sufficient temporal resolutions is difficult in natural rivers. In this study, we captured field and photogrammetric data depicting temporal changes of the banklines forming the neck of one meander bend, and values of the narrowest neck width for 14 highly sinuous bends, in the Black River of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (China) over nearly four decades. Results show that the duration of bend evolution from the classic morphological threshold (b ≈ W) to the occurrence of neck cutoff could range from 52 to 161 years. This long period has hitherto been ignored by fluvial geomorphologists, and needs to be included in forthcoming kinematic and hydrodynamic models of meander evolution. Further analyses indicate that the neck narrowing process is autogenous at the local bend scale, neither controlled by the maximum bend sinuosity nor by the annual peak discharge.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".