A Ring With Endocarditis: An Unfortunate Marriage
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A 79-year-old man was admitted to our centre with persistent fever, fatigue, and cough 6 months after mitral and tricuspid valve repairs with annuloplasties and ring implantations for myxomatous mitral and tricuspid valve disease with prolapse and severe regurgitation. The blood tests showed slightly elevated C-reactive protein (46.5 mg/L; upper limit of normal < 5 mg/L) without leukocytosis, and elevated d-dimer (1827 μg/L). Thoracic computed tomography excluded pulmonary embolism and disclosed pericardial and pleural effusions. Transthoracic echocardiography showed several highly mobile filamentous structures suggestive of vegetations attached to the ventricular aspect of mitral valve leaflets (Fig. 1A), as well as the tricuspid valve leaflets, and mitral ring rocking movement suggestive of significant mitral ring dehiscence (Fig. 1A; Videos 1 and 2 , view videos online), with severe mitral regurgitation (Fig. 1B; Video 3 , view video online) and mild tricuspid regurgitation. A significant shunt between the left ventricle and left atrium at the mitral-aortic junction level was also apparent and suggestive of a fistula. Transesophageal echocardiography confirmed these findings, with a highly mobile mitral ring (dehiscence of > 80% of mitral ring) (Fig. 1, C and D; Videos 4-7 , view videos online). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) was identified in several blood cultures, confirming the diagnosis of mitral and tricuspid valve endocarditis. The patient was started on intravenous antibiotics (vancomycin, gentamycin, and rifampicin) and was submitted to emergency surgery, with surgical macroscopic confirmation of mitral and tricuspid vegetations at the ventricular leaflet surface, and MRSE isolation in excised valve tissues. Both valves were replaced by biological prostheses (Epic 31 and Edwards 33, respectively). The postoperative period was uneventful. He was discharged with negative blood cultures 22 days after surgery and completed 6 weeks of antibiotics. Follow-up echocardiography demonstrated normally functioning bioprostheses. This case shows an atypical form of severe prosthetic ring dehiscence, highlighting the importance of transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography in diagnosis and surgical planning, including search for concomitant vegetations at unusual locations that may also need to be approached. The authors have no funding sources to declare.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".