Parallel-Connected Voltage Source Converters With a DC Common Mode and an AC Differential Mode PWM Filter
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two 3-phase converters can be connected in parallel using a range of inductor types. Coupled inductors used together with interleaved pulsewidth modulated (PWM) techniques can produce a high-quality multilevel PWM line output voltage. These inductors can be designed to have a high inductance between the two converter outputs to control circulating currents, combined with a low per-phase output inductance. Since the 3-phase PWM voltage between the two converters consists of two components, a differential mode and common mode, two inductor types can be used to separately filter the circulating currents produced by these two components. The inductor types presented places one coupled inductor between the 3-phase output terminals of the two converters, a3-limb CI, and a second coupled inductor located between the two converter dc input terminals, a dc coupled inductor ordc choke. The3-limb CIfilters circulating currents due to the differential mode PWM voltage and thedc chokefilters circulating currents due to the common mode PWM voltage. Thedc chokeuses four windings in contrast to the six required of an equivalent common mode 3-phase ac choke. The two converters are operated with a filter capacitor across their dc input terminals. The 3-phase output of the two parallel converters is located at the center tap of the3-limb CIwindings in each phase and a very low effective per-phase output inductance is obtained. Consequently, the converter structure can supply very high-frequency fundamental output voltages with high-quality multilevel PWM line voltages. The performance of the coupled inductors presented is compared with a conventional coupled inductor and designs show that they can be 13% smaller with 16% lower losses. The parallel converter structure presented is suitable for high-power high-speed electric drives with applications in aerospace and electric vehicles where lightweight magnetics is required. Simulations and experimental results are presented for an 8 kW (300 Vdc, 208 Vac/22A) prototype operating with a fundamental frequency of 60 Hz –1.1 kHz.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".