Wall Roughness Effects on Turbulent Flow Past a Near-Wall Square Cylinder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Separated turbulent flows induced by two-dimensional square cylinder with different gap heights from a solid wall submerged in a thick turbulent boundary layer are investigated using a time-resolved particle image velocimetry system. Two different upstream wall conditions are implemented to investigate the effects of upstream wall roughness on gap flow. The examined gap ratios between the cylinder and the wall include 0.0, 0.5, and 2.0. The incoming Reynolds number based on the cylinder height and freestream velocity is 12, 750 and the boundary layer thicknesses are 3.6 and 7.2 times the step height, respectively, for the smooth and rough upstream wall conditions. The results are presented in terms of mean flow, Reynolds stresses, and proper orthogonal decomposition. Notably, the wall-roughness effects are most pronounced on the vertical Reynolds stresses and act to reduce the vortex shedding frequency.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".