Experimental Study of Newtonian Laminar Annular Horizontal Displacement Flows With Rotating Inner Cylinder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract During the primary cementing of oil and gas wells, it is increasingly becoming common to slowly rotate the inner casing to aid the mud displacement. We present an experimental study of laminar horizontal displacement of Newtonian fluids with rotating inner cylinder with the experimental setup detailed in (Renteria et al., J. Fluid Mech, 905, 2020). Inner cylinder rotation is able to distort the axial flow to helical. When the rotational viscous force dominates buoyancy force, the displacing fluid follows the helical flow path and displaces the in situ fluid azimuthally around the annulus. The dimensionless rotational speed is defined as the ratio of rotational velocity and axial velocity, which determines the degree of azimuthal dispersion. Even in a buoyancy-dominant displacement, inner cylinder rotation acts to increase the dispersion. Displacement efficiency analysis shows that increasing rotational speed results in improved displacement. For high eccentricity cases, bottom side residual fluids are observed, which can easily be removed by rotating the inner cylinder. In practice, where the entire length of casing is rotated, the effect of rotation is expected to be more significant and improve the displacement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".