Structural features in chronic cough assessed by computed tomography (CT)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rationale: Features of airway remodelling in terms of bronchial airway wall thickening as well as emphysema have been reported in individuals with chronic cough. The aims of this study were to evaluate chronic cough prevalence and CT-assessed structural features of chronic cough within a general population. Methods: From CanCOLD, a Canadian multi-center, population-based study, 1183 participants aged ≥40 years were included: 286 never-smokers with normal lung function, 297 ever-smokers with normal lung function at risk for COPD, and 600 with moderate to severe COPD (n = 361 GOLD I, n = 239 GOLD II-IV). All performed thoracic CT scans. Imaging parameters analysed comprised of total airway count (TAC), airway wall thickness (WT), emphysema (LAA950= percentage of the lung with low attenuation areas below -950 Hounsfield units) as well as parameters for functional small airway disease (SAD) quantification (PRM=parametric response mapping and DPM=disease probability measure). Chronic cough was defined as cough on most days for at least 3 months in two consecutive years. Results: The prevalence of chronic cough was 7.6% in never smokers and significantly higher in up to 27% in the moderate-severe COPD group (II-IV). In individuals with chronic cough, independently of the presence of COPD, there were no significant differences in CT structural airway (TAC, WT, SAD) or emphysema measurements (LAA950) compared to the no chronic cough control group. Conclusion: Our data indicate that individuals with chronic cough seem to have no specific structural CT features.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".