Waveguide Coupler With Polarized Rotation Characteristics for Terahertz Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, a class of innovative waveguide couplers with polarized rotation characteristics are proposed and demonstrated for the first time. Different from all conventional waveguide couplers, the proposed couplers involve two$E$-plane ports and two$H$-plane ports, herein referred to as$E$-plane and$H$-plane (EH) waveguide couplers. The couplers are set to directly convert$E$-plane to$H$-plane port or vice versa, without resorting to any conventional waveguide twist whatsoever, thereby reducing integration complexity, structure size, and associated losses, compared to the conventional counterparts. To validate the proposed topology, two experimental prototypes of the EH waveguide couplers are studied, designed, fabricated, and measured. The first is an EH hybrid waveguide coupler and the second is an EH cruciform waveguide coupler. The measured results show that the return loss and isolation of the hybrid waveguide coupler are better than 20 dB. In addition, the amplitude imbalance and phase imbalance are lower than 0.5 dB and 5°, respectively, over a frequency range of 140–160 GHz. The measured EH cruciform waveguide coupler shows that the return loss and isolation are better than 18 and 21 dB, respectively. Over the operating frequency range of interest covering 140–160 GHz, the amplitude imbalance and phase imbalance are lower than 0.5 dB and 4°, respectively. The length of both waveguide couplers is only$0.5\times \lambda $, where$\lambda $is the wavelength at the center frequency. To the best of our knowledge, such EH waveguide couplers are the most compact waveguide couplers ever demonstrated so far. Therefore, the proposed EH waveguide couplers present excellent candidates for compact terahertz (THz) integrated waveguide circuits and systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".