Global Trends in Tourism and Imperatives of the Circular Economy in the Context of Sustainable Environmental Development of States
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The relevance of the study is conditioned by the need for an in-depth investigation of the relationship between the imperatives of the circular economy and tourism and the identification of the role of this system in achieving sustainable environmental development of states.The purpose of the study is to describe global trends in tourism, substantiate the connection between tourism and the ideas of the circular economy, determine the prospects for digitalization of the tourism industry, present examples of the use of circular economy technologies in hospitality institutions, and provide information on national and international circular economy initiatives and their results.The leading method of this study is economic analysis, which was used to examine in detail the economic processes in the paradigm of circular economics, their regularities and consequences.The economic analysis established the influence of the circular economy on the development of trends in tourism.In addition, the following research methods were used: logical analysis, synthesis, deduction, observation, comparative, abstraction, and analysis of scientific literature.The study substantiates the connection between tourism and the ideas of the circular economy, determines the prospects for digitalization of the tourism industry, presents examples of the use of circular economy technologies in hospitality institutions, and provides information about national and international circular economy initiatives and their results.The materials of the study are of practical value for teachers and students of tourism, economic and environmental specialities, owners of tourism businesses and hospitality establishments, environmentalists, economists, members of environmental committees, environmental activists, politicians.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".