A Single-Layer Compact Wideband Circularly Polarized Patch Array for 5G Communications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This letter presents a single-layer antenna array with wideband circular polarization. The array is formed by 2 × 2 element antennas, each element including two radiators mutually coupled to each other and fed by a sequential feeding network. The antenna array is designed, fabricated, and measured with overall size of 1.49λ × 1.49λ at the center frequency of 28 GHz. The proposed antenna achieves the desired radiation patterns and provides excellent characteristics, including a wide bandwidth (BW) and compact structure. The results show a large BW of 31.32% and a wide axial ratio of 20.2%, which is the largest found in the literature for similarly sized arrays on a single layer. Besides, the peak gain of 13.8 dBi is achieved over the operating frequency range. These merits confirm the proposed antenna design as a suitable choice for 5G communications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".