Gambling Problems among Students Attending University in the United Kingdom: Associations with Gender, Financial Hardship and Year of Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
University students may be at increased risk of gambling related problems. The present study investigated the gambling experience and general wellbeing of domestic and international students attending a higher-education university in the United Kingdom (UK). An online survey consisting of demographic characteristics, gambling experience, problem gambling severity, and general mental health measures was completed by n=402 undergraduates. Results indicated that 44% of students engaged in at-risk gambling and 6% in PG. General mental health scores did not differ across gambling severity. Male gender identity was a significant risk-factor for both at-risk and PG. Accessing university financial hardship funds and being in the final year of study were significant riskfactors for problem gambling. Overall, gambling problems are significant concerns for UK university students and the risk of problematic gambling is associated with financial hardship, year of study, and gender.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".