Energy-Efficient Joint Broadcast-Unicast Communications via Dual-Polarized Aerial RIS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this contribution, a novel framework for joint broadcast-unicast downlink transmissions using dual-polarized aerial reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is proposed. The objective is to maximize the energy efficiency by jointly designing the active beamforming at the base station and the passive beamforming at the RIS. The optimization problem to maximize the system’s energy efficiency is formulated and solved using a two-stage algorithm. To tackle the non-convex nature of the problem, an alternating technique, where the optimization is decomposed into two sub-problems, is proposed. In the first stage, the passive beamforming matrix of the dual-polarized aerial RIS is designed based on the Gaussian randomization method, which relaxes the inhomogeneous non-convex quadratically constrained quadratic program (QCQP) into a semi-definite program. In the second stage, the active beamforming at the base station is designed based on a dual-structured beamforming approach, in which the interior point method is used to obtain the prebeamforming matrix, and the beamforming matrices pertaining to the unicasting and broadcasting are obtained based on low-complexity zero-forcing and successive convex approximation, respectively. Numerical results and comparisons are provided. In particular, it is shown that the polarization-based communication system yields higher energy efficiency gains as compared to a system implementing layered division multiplexing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".