INFLUENZA MORTALITY AMONG WAGE EARNERS AND THEIR FAMILIES: A PRELIMINARY STATEMENT OF RESULTS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Whites rather than colored people were attacked by the pandemic of influenza and the young rather than the old, a reversal of usual conditions. These conclusions are based on the accurate figures obtainable from nearly 18,000,000 policies in force and 105,552 claims. The following is a brief statement of some of the basic findings of an investigation which has been made into the epidemic of influenza. It is limited to the policyholders of the Industrial Department of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company and covers the period from October 1, 1918 to June 30, 1919. It should be noted in this connection that in this department there are represented over 12,000,000 policyholders, as of December 31, 1918; that these policyholders include both races, white and colored, males as well as females, and all age periods, excepting early infancy and extreme old age. This group of insured wage earners is well distributed over the entire United States and Canada. Effort was made, furthermore, to make the record of influenza deaths as complete as possible. In all, 105,552 policy claims were paid during the period under investigation, representing a total of 70,729 deaths from influenza-pneumonia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".