CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides induce TNF-α and IL-6 production but not degranulation from murine bone marrow-derived mast cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Mast cells are sentinel cells critical to the initiation of innate immune and inflammatory responses, particularly at mucosal surfaces. To fulfill this function they can be activated by several pathogen-associated stimuli to produce cytokines with or without concurrent degranulation. We examined the ability of immunostimulatory DNA sequences including CpG motifs, which are found in increased quantities in bacterial DNA, to activate mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (mBMMC). Mast cells were treated with a range of doses of CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides or control oligodeoxynucleotides without CpG within their sequence. There was a dose-dependent increase in the production of both interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) by mast cells treated with the CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides. The cytokine levels induced were directly related to the number of CpG within a given length of sequence. Treatment with oligonucleotides containing 3CpG induced an eightfold increase in TNF production over control incubated mast cells. Other cytokines, including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-4, interferon-γ, and IL-12 were not induced by oligonucleotide treatment. Neither CpG containing oligodeoxynucleotides nor control oligodeoxynucleotides induced degranulation of mast cells. Bacterial DNA from Escherichia coli also induced IL-6 from mBMMC but neither calf thymus DNA nor methylase-treated E. coli DNA had such an effect. Examination of the uptake of Texas red-labeled CpG and non-CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides revealed that they were both similarly taken up by the mBMMC. These results have important implications for the mechanism by which mast cells respond to bacteria and for the potential role of mast cells in DNA vaccination.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".