Economic Cooperation between Ukraine and Sweden: Historical Parallels and Experience of Ensuring Permanent Neutrality and Statehood (at the End of the XVIII – the I Quarter of the XX centuries)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The main idea of the article is the study of maintaining the principles of permanent neutrality, national competitiveness of the economy and the creation of a capable army basing on the example of economic cooperation between the Ukraine and Sweden in the end of the XVIII – the I quarter of the XX centuries. The author studied the problem of establishing economic and military co-operation between Ukraine and the Sweden in the end of the XVIII and in the I quarter of the XX centuries. Also the article covers the Swedish colonization of the Ukrainian lands at the end of the 18th and 19th centuries. The problem of economic cooperation between Ukraine and Sweden in the end of the XVIII and in the I quarter of the XX centuries, as well as the possible experience of partner-ship between the two countries in defense and security (in the first quarter of the XX century) became the subject of special research in this article.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".