Choquet Integral-Based Aggregation for the Analysis of Anomalies Occurrence in Sustainable Transportation Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Anomaly detection is one of the most important problems of modern data science due to the threat to the security of information systems as well as their users. This applies in particular to logistic data, which is used to predict costs, times, and organization of travel routes. Data anomalies may endanger the welfare and safety of transport users, goods, handling companies, and consumers. Moreover, they contribute to the overexploitation of the natural environment. Therefore, it is extremely important to find methods that are responsible for their effective detection. The desired approach may be the Choquet integral and its extensions, which in various applications have proven that with their help it is possible to efficiently increase the quality of the classification measured, for example, with the help of the accuracy. Due to the fact that the Choquet integral is resistant to data fluctuations and takes into account the quality (significance) of the information source, it appears to be an effective proposition for the final determination of what data, or more precisely, which records can be considered anomalous. The innovative approach to analyze transport data has not been used before. This article considers four publicly available databases covering different fields of application of transport systems. In a series of comprehensive numerical experiments, the Choquet integral-based approach has proven high efficiency for each of them. Moreover, we made a comparative analysis of the solutions before applying the Choquet integral and the results after its application.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".