Contributions to the knowledge of the diversity of the chewing lice fauna in Turkey
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of the study was to identify the chewing lice which were sampled from the birds found dead during ornithological studies in the natural areas of Samsun, and transported to the laboratory of Ondokuz Mayıs University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Parasitology, between 2018 and 2020. All samples were collected by ectoparasite examination. The collected lice specimens were preserved in tubes with 70% alcohol. The specimens were cleared in 10% KOH for 24 h before being mounted in Canada balsam and identified under the light microscope. A total of 35 species under 3 families were detected in this study: Menoponidae: Colpocephalum apivorus, C. impressum, C. nanum, C. napiforme, C. turbinatum, Colpocephalum sp., Pseudomenopon dolium, Kurodaia subpachygaster, Ciconiphilus cygni, C. decimfasciatus, C. quadripustulatus, Menacanthus agilis, M. curuccae, M. eurysternus, M. gonophaeus, M. stramineus, Menacanthus sp., Trinoton anserinum, T. querquedulae; Laemobothriidae: Laemobothrion maximum; Philopteridae: Anaticola crassicornis, A. mergiserrati, Anatoecus cygni, Anatoecus sp., Aquanirmus podicepis, Brueelia merulensis, Columbicula columbae, Cummingsiella ovalis, Degeeriella fulva, D. fusca, D. phlyctopygus, Craspedorrhynchus aquilinus, Incidifrons fulicae, Ornithobius cygni, Philopterus atratus, Saemundssonia lari, Strigiphilus cursitans, and Quadraceps punctatus. The first records for the fauna of Turkey are: Anatoecus cygni, Ciconiphilus cygni, Colpocephalum apivorus, C. napiforme, Kurodaia subpachygaster, Ornithobius cygni, and Philopterus atratus. As a result of this study, the number of chewing lice species (Phthiraptera, Amblycera, and Ischnocera) detected on birds in Turkey reached 195 species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".