Solar Powered Uncrewed Surface Vehicles (USVs) for Marine Protected Area (MPA) Monitoring
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the use of Open Ocean Robotics’ (OOR) solar powered USV, Data Xplorer, for MPA monitoring and illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing enforcement. Data Xplorer is equipped with a sensor suite to monitor the environment as well as detect marine mammals and vessels, which includes oceanographic and meteorological sensors, optical and thermal cameras, an AIS transponder, and a towed acoustic array. This enables the detection of marine mammal vocalizations with real-time alerts, soundscape characterization, monitoring of the area for vessels, including those engaged in IUU, and supporting compliance with the regulated closure. With both satellite and cellular communications, and the ability to voyage in challenging sea states, Data Xplorer can monitor these regions in difficult weather conditions and provide real-time data to ground based observers. In a project with Canada’s Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), Data Xplorer is being used to monitor two Southern Resident killer whale (SRKW) Interim Sanctuary Zones in British Columbia: Swiftsure Bank and the Southern Gulf Islands. OOR has also deployed this technology in a 25-day continuous mission in a Hawaiian marine sanctuary as part of a collaboration with NGO partners to bring this technology to the Bahamas to monitor for IUU fishing within their MPAs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".