Virtual acoustic reconstruction of the Roman amphitheater of Avella in Italy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In ancient Rome, gladiator fights were very popular. The places where these shows took place were called amphitheaters, due to the particular shape of the elliptical building. Amphitheaters were widespread, and in each city, one or more of these buildings was present. This paper describes the virtual reconstruction of the acoustics of the amphitheater Avella, close to Naples, Italy. This amphitheater was discovered a few decades ago and was only partially rebuilt. Today, it is used for musical performances during the summer season mainly. The plan of the building is elliptical, and the dimensions of the arena are 35 m for the minor axis and 65 m for the major axis. Acoustic measurements were performed in the current state with an impulsive sound source and the acoustic parameters were obtained according to the ISO 3382 standard. Subsequently, from the dimensions of the current state and in analogy with the architecture of other amphitheaters existing today, a virtual reconstruction of the original shape was performed. The virtual model was developed with the architectural acoustics software Ramsete in order to obtain the acoustic characteristics of the amphitheater as it was in Roman times. In particular, the spatial distribution of the acoustic characteristics on the steps where the audience was seated is described and discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".