Performance Improvement of Heat Exchangers Used in a Hybrid Electric Aircraft
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Thermal management system analysis of a kW scale hybrid electric aircraft developed at the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) has been provided with the aim of assessing the cooling capacity and improving the efficiency. For the electric propulsion system of the aircraft, a series cooling loop has been designed that comprises a heat exchanger (radiator) and two pumps. As coolant travels through the motor and controller, it accumulates heat, then the heat is dissipated from the coolant passing through the radiator. From the calculated parameters for different demonstration flight phases of the aircraft, it is concluded that the current radiator design is limited by the air side resistance. This air thermal resistance comprises over 76% of the total thermal resistance in all flight phases. Therefore, a large frontal area to meet cooling needs is required. The potential of different methods for cooling improvement of the radiator were investigated and a new concept was suggested for heat transfer enhancement which is a passive enhancing method by applying different micro-fin roughness on the fins or coolant tubes of a radiator.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".