New Record of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Insecta) on Guinea Fowls (Aves: Galliformes) from Sindh, Pakistan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
IntroductionT he family Phasianidae (Phthiraptera: Insecta) is one of the largest family of galliform birds (Aves: Galliformes).The birds are terrestrial, small to large size and often called gallinaceous birds.One of the bird guinea fowl Numida meleagris (Linnaeus, 1758) is small size resident domestic fowl of province of Abstract | The chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Insecta) are parasitic insects of variety of birds belonging to the large family of Phasianidae (Aves: Galliformes).The lice have strong mandibles with biting mouth parts and develop specific host-parasite relationship.They cause acute to chronic infestation to hosts directly.These parasitic insects are the source of various diseases, like flue, and also serve as a vector of some bacteria and helminthes parasites.Presently only one type of host, guinea fowl Numida meleagris (Linnaeus, 1758) was selected and examined for parasites examination, investigation, identification, population density, means and rate of infestation of from different urban and rural localities of Sindh, Pakistan.There were 15 guinea fowl Numida meleagris (Linnaeus, 1758) were captured and brought to the Parasitological laboratory of Department of Zoology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro.The study was carried out from April 2015 -March 2016.Guinea fowls Numida meleagris (Linnaeus, 1758) were sprayed with Permathrin (Coopex powder) and ket on white paper sheets for about 32-35 minutes.The fowls were checked time to time after 2 to 3 weeks.The chewing lice were collected hand picking methods with fine brushes and preserved in 70-75% ethyl alcohol.The permanent microscopic slides with cover slips were prepared for final mounting in Canada balsam.At present 130 specimens were recovered and classified into 4 species which belongs to 3 genera.The species and their prevalence are 19.23% for Menopon gallinae (Linnaeus, 1758), 23.84% for Menacanthus stramineus (Nitzsh, 1818), and 22. 30% for Menacanthus abdominalis (Piaget, 1880) which belongs to the family Menoponidae and 34.61% for Goniocotes gallinae (de Geer, 1776) which belongs to the family Philopteridae.All four species were reported first time as new host and new locality records from the study area.All species of chewing were described and compared with other related species and developed taxonomic key.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".