Wideband Power-Dependent Power Limiter Based on Distributed Low-Temperature Superconductor rf-SQUIDs for Cryogenic RF Receivers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel design of a radio-frequency (RF) power limiter for protecting sensitive superconductor receiver components from high-power microwave signals is presented. In this approach, two low-${T} _{c}$superconductor microstrip lines, one of which is coupled with an array of RF superconducting quantum interference devices (rf-SQUIDs), are combined with a pair of hybrid couplers to provide the power limiting operation at very low RF power levels. The key concept is built on the fact that a microstrip line coupled to an array of rf-SQUIDs behaves as a power-dependent phase shifter and its phase can be controlled by the input RF power. This phenomenon is exploited to achieve the desired RF power-limiting operation. The device is fabricated using an eight-layer niobium-based superconducting process node SFQ5ee by MIT Lincoln Laboratory (MIT-LL). A monolithically integrated wideband hybrid coupler is used in this design as it dictates the bandwidth of the overall device. The operating frequency of the power limiter is 10 GHz with a 2-GHz bandwidth. The performance of the device is measured for input RF power levels ranging from −30 to +10 dBm, as well as arising intermodulation products are experimentally investigated. The output power increases linearly with the input power up to −15 dBm, and for higher power levels, the device offers an increasing attenuation to limit the output RF power starting above −15 dBm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".