Applications of Machine Learning in Resource Management for RAN-Slicing in 5G and Beyond Networks: A Survey
Bibliographic record
Abstract
One of the key foundations of 5thGeneration (5G) and beyond 5G (B5G) networks is network slicing, in which the network is partitioned into several separated logical networks, taking into account the requirements of diverse applications. In this context, resource management is of great importance to instantiate and operate network slices and meet their performance and functional requirements. Resource management in Radio Access Networks (RANs) is associated with a range of challenges due to network dynamics and the specific requirements of each application while ensuring performance isolation. In this paper, we present a survey on state-of-the-art works that employ Machine Learning (ML) techniques in RAN slicing. We begin by reviewing the challenges, then we review the existing papers on resource management in a comprehensive manner, and classify the papers based on the used ML algorithm, the addressed challenges, and the type of allocated resources. We evaluate the maturity of current methods and state a number of open challenges and some solutions to address these challenges in RAN resource management.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".