Viscoplastic Fluid Placements in a Confined Geometry With Applications in the Dump Bailing Method in the Plug and Abandonment of Oil and Gas Wells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The plug and abandonment (P&A) operations of oil and gas wells are conducted by placing cement plugs at crucial positions, to preserve the atmosphere and underground water aquifers from the oil and gas migrations. The cement plug should be placed in the wellbore with minimum mixing with the in-place fluid. There are several methods of the cement placement in P&A operations, among which the dump bailing method is one of the most common ones. In this technique, a relatively small amount of cement slurry is released on a bridge plug inside the well and it replaces the in-place wellbore fluids. The dynamics of such a fluid placement is governed by several parameters. In this study, the influence of the yield stress of the injected viscoplastic fluid is analyzed. To do so, the injection of a viscoplastic fluid with low yield stresses into an inclined closed-end pipe (representative of well casing) filled with a light Newtonian fluid is examined. The results show that increasing the yield stress of the injection fluid results in suppressing the mixing between the fluids. The outcomes of this study can be used for enhancing the cementing process in the P&A of the oil and gas wells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".