E-LSTM: An extension to the LSTM architecture for incorporating long lag dependencies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) architecture is one of the most successful types of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). However, the number of parameters that LSTMs need to achieve acceptable performance might be larger than desired for standard devices. In this work, an Extended LSTM (E-LSTM) architecture is proposed to reduce the number of parameters needed to achieve similar performance to LSTMs. The architecture of the proposed E-LSTM is characterized by higher and explicit connectivity between distant past and current cell states' values, increasing the likelihood of a higher information transmission between data points separated by long lags. Analysis of possible nonlinear relations in the data sets aids in the process of determining an appropriate placement of increased connectivity, performed using the Distance Correlation (DC) method. The proposed E-LSTM reduces the number of parameters needed, by an order of magnitude for some cases, with acceptable increases in both CPU time and memory needed for the training process.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".