Electrochemical Characteristics of the Anodized Titanium Oxide Films in Sulfuric Acid
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article presents some research into titanium electrode anodizing in H2SO4 solutions in the potential range –1 to 5 V at different scan rates (10, 50, 100 mV s–1) using cyclic voltammetry measurements. Linear potentiodynamic measurements had used before and after the oxide layer formed on the titanium surface. The characterization and the exact determination of the titanium oxides species on the Ti substrate surface had performed by XRD and SEM-EDS analyses. Three characteristic oxide peaks appeared in the electrochemical measurements. These had observed at 0.2 V, 2.3 V, and 3.5 V on cyclic voltammetry curves at all scan rates for all H2SO4 concentrations. Even more, cyclic voltammetry measurements showed that all peaks observed were evident even at higher scan rates. That suggested that robust oxidation of the Ti surface had occurred. Voltammetric tests showed that the passivation of the titanium surface was effective. XRD and SEM-EDS measurements confirmed the existence of TiO2 species in a crystalline form on the titanium surface after anodizing in 3M H2SO4 and annealing the anodized Ti electrode at 400℃ in the airflow. A significant increase in the loading of TiO2 film annealed at 400℃ of the previous anodized Ti anode in H2SO4 was registered.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".