Investigation of Aging Resistance of Organic Layered Double Hydroxide/Antioxidant Composite-Modified Asphalt
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two organic layered double hydroxides (OLDHs) intercalated by UV absorbents of para -aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and cinnamic acid (CA) were synthesized by the anion-exchange method, and their structures and properties were characterized. Then, the two OLDHs were applied to modify asphalt together with two different antioxidants, octadecyl-3-(3,5-di- tert -butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate (1076) and pentaerythritol tetrakis (3-(3,5-di- tert -butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate) (1010), aiming at synergistically enhancing the aging resistance of asphalt. The aging behaviors of modified asphalt were evaluated by the analyses of physical properties and chemical structures of modified asphalt after pressurized aging vessel (PAV) and ultraviolet (UV) aging tests. The results indicated that PABA and CA were successfully intercalated into the interlayers of LDHs and that the lipophilicity and UV absorbance of LDHs were significantly improved due to the organic intercalation. Hence, OLDH-modified asphalt presented enhanced anti-UV aging performance compared with LDH-modified asphalt. Meanwhile, the addition of organic LDH/antioxidant composites could further improve the antiaging performance of asphalt, including thermal-oxidation and photo-oxidation aging resistance, exhibiting a synergistic effect. Furthermore, different combinations of OLDHs and antioxidants had different improvement effects on the aging properties of asphalt; to be specific, the composites of 1076/PABA-LDHs and 1010/CA-LDHs were superior to those of 1010/PABA-LDHs and 1076/CA-LDHs, respectively, in promoting the aging resistance of asphalt.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".