Correlation of Clinicopathological and Ultrasonographic Findings for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Liver Affections in Dogs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study was undertaken on 83 dogs suffering from abdominal affections out of which 22 dogs having lesions in liver were included. Detailed history and signalment of each dog were recorded. Blood was collected from each dog for haematobiochemical analysis and ultrasonography of each dog was performed and ultrasound was done to detect lesions in liver. Ultrasonography guided FNAB and core biopsy samples were collected. Maximum incidence was recorded in Labrador retriever, male dogs and median age was recorded as 6 years in cases of liver affections. The lesions were classified as neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions on the basis of cytology and histopathological findings. Neoplastic lesions were more common which included nine cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, four cases of cholangiocellular carcinoma, one case each of metastatic sarcoma and cystadenoma, whereas, non-neoplastic lesions included four cases of fatty change and two cases of hepatitis. Correlation between haematobiochemical alterations, cytological, histopathological and ultrasonographic findings was carried out for diagnosis and prognosis of liver affections. High correlation (95.21%), specificity (85.71%) and positive predictive value (93.8%) were observed between ultrasonographic and cytological and/ or histopathological diagnosis, whereas moderate correlation (42.86%), specificity (60%) and predictive value (60%) were observed between cytological and histopathological diagnosis of liver affections. In addition, median survival with and without censoring was recorded as 39.00 days and 109.00 days, respectively. Ultrasound guided core biopsy was found to be more effective in diagnosing liver affections as compared to ultrasound guided FNAB. From the study it was concluded that although ultrasonography can detect the lesions in liver, but for confirmation of diagnosis we need ultrasound FNAB and core biopsy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".