Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Morphology, Crystallinity, and Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO/TiO2 in Selenite Photoreduction from Aqueous Phase
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, ZnO/TiO2 was synthesized using the sol-gel method. The effect of calcination temperature was investigated on the morphology, crystal size, and influence on the photoreduction of selenite from the aqueous phase. The ZnO/TiO2 was calcined at 150 C, 350 C, and 500 C for 2 hours. The samples were characterized using SEM/EDX, XRD, and FT-IR for morphology/elemental composition, crystal structure/size, and functional group. The crystallite sizes were found to be 21.61 nm, 22.22 nm, and 24.80 nm for the temperatures, respectively. The composite morphology was found to be agglomerated granular particles that increase in agglomeration as the temperature increases. EDS results give the composition of Ti, Zn, and O2 in all samples, indicating the presence of ZnO and TiO2. XRD spectra were used to confirm the hexagonal and tetrahedral phase structure of the ZnO and TiO2. Photocatalysis experiment was conducted at pH 4 and 1 mg/L ZnO/TiO2 with 20 ppm initial concentration for 22 hrs under UV- irradiation. The catalyst calcined at 150 C showed 100% photoreduction of selenite to total selenium, while samples calcined at 350 C and 500 C showed 79% and 17%, respectively.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it