A role of IgM antibodies in monosodium urate crystal formation and associated adjuvanticity (135.71)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Uric acid is a product of purine metabolism that is secreted from injured or dying cells and can act as an endogenous adjuvant. However, uric acid must crystallize to monosodium urate (MSU) before it can activate dendritic cells and cause gouty inflammation. At normal serum uric acid levels, crystallization of uric acid is not observed in vitro. The crucial question therefore is how the crystals form and cause inflammation. It has been reported that serum from rabbits immunized with MSU, increased uric acid precipitation rates. When C57BL6 or Balb/c mice were immunized with MSU, they produced serum factors which bind to MSU crystals, a phenomenon absent in mu chain deficient IgH (or muMT) mice. These observations show that antibodies may be involved in MSU crystallization. Antibodies produced via B cell hybridomas, were observed to precipitate uric acid in vitro, with the variable region acting as the binding domain. Most importantly, the presence of antibody was instrumental in significantly increasing the basal level of inflammation and mediating the adjuvant effect of uric acid in antigen dependent T cell cytotoxicity in B cell deficient mice. Therefore, we have identified a factor in determining uric acid precipitation and possibly its ability to function as an endogenous adjuvant. This finding suggests a new mechanism of the pathogenesis of gouty arthritis and uric acid induced immune activation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".