Leupaxin Regulates LFA-1 Related Function in Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTL)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Leupaxin is an adaptor protein that functions downstream of integrin receptor engagement. It contains N-terminal LD domains and C-terminal LIM domains. Although leupaxin is primarily expressed in leukocytes, it is very little known about the localization and function in leukocytes. Results Degranulation follows the formation of the immunological synapse (IS) and recruitment of MTOC to the IS. Leupaxin co-localizes with MTOC and microtubules, and is recruited to the IS during CTL degranulation. Through deletion of leupaxin domains, it shows that both LD2 and LD4 domains are sufficient for leupaxin recruitment to the IS. Leupaxin fails to be recruited to the IS after deleting LD2–4 domains. Leupaxin is a focal adhesion protein in adherent cells. Leukocytes do not form classical focal adhesions during migration. We have found that leupaxin is recruited to the contact zone during CTL migration on ICAM-1, and forms very dynamic focal adhesion (FA)-like structures. These structures are assembled in the leading edge, and disappear in the trailing edge. Leupaxin also co-localizes with vinculin and talin at the FA-like structures, which are both FA proteins. Different from the role of leupaxin at the IS, leupaxin C-terminal LIM domain contributes to the localization of leupaxin at the FA-like structures. Conclusions Leupaxin localization suggests that it contributes to LFA-1 related processes in CTL, including degranulation and migration, but with different domains. Leupaxin LD domains are necessary for the recruitment to the IS during degranulation, whereas LIM domains are necessary for the formation of FA-like structures during migration.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".