Comparative Physiological Analysis of Lignification, Anthocyanin Metabolism and Correlated Gene Expression in Red Toona sinensis Buds during Cold Storage
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The characteristics of anthocyanin and lignin are important parameters in evaluating the quality of red Toona sinensis buds. Red T. sinensis buds are prone to senescence during postharvest storage, which subsequently affects their quality and sales. However, the mechanism of senescence in red T. sinensis buds under low-temperature conditions remains unclear. In this study, red T. sinensis buds were stored at 4 °C, and their anthocyanin and lignin contents as well as the enzyme activities of PAL (phenylalanine ammonia lyase), 4CL (4-coumarate-CoA ligase), CAD (cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase) and POD (peroxidase) were determined at 0, 1, 2 and 3 d after handing. Meanwhile, the cellular structure of postharvest red T. sinensis buds was observed by microscopy. The relative expression of lignin-related and anthocyanin-related genes was analyzed using qRT-PCR. The results show that the anthocyanin content of the leaves was higher than that of the petioles. After 3 d of storage, the anthocyanin content of the leaves was 4.66 times that of the petioles. Moreover, the lignin content of the red T. sinensis buds gradually increased. Compared with 0 d, the lignin content of the leaves and petioles increased by 331.8 and 94.14 mg·g−1, respectively. The enzyme activities of PAL, 4CL, CAD and POD increased during cold storage. The intercellular space and the arrangement of the palisade tissue and sponge tissue in the mesophyll of red T. sinensis buds became smaller and closer, respectively. The secondary cell wall of xylem cells thickened, the number of xylem cells increased, and the arrangement number of the xylem cells became closed in the leaf vein and petioles during red T. sinensis bud storage. The expression levels of anthocyanin-related (Except for TsCHS and TsANS) and lignin-related genes increased during red T. sinensis bud storage and are highly consistent with the accumulation patterns of anthocyanins and lignin. This study may serve as a reference for exploring the molecular mechanisms of senescence, regulating the quality and cultivating new varieties of red T. sinensis buds that have low lignin content but high anthocyanin content after harvest.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".