Diverse dendritic cell subsets promote infection and induction of CD8 T cell responses after foodborne <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> infection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a common foodborne pathogen which causes mild gastrointestinal distress in healthy hosts, and systemic listeriosis in immunocompromised individuals. While immune responses have been rigorously examined after intravenous Lm infection, less is understood about Lm dissemination from the intestines or the induction of adaptive immune responses after physiologic infection through the consumption of contaminated food. Consequently, this study focused on the cells involved in early immune responses in the intestinal mucosa using foodborne Lm infection in mice. After foodborne infection, Lm trafficked intracellularly from the intestines to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and were associated with Batf3-independent dendritic cells (DC) in the lymphatics. Consistent with this observation, dissemination of Lm from the gut to the MLN occurred normally in Batf3−/− mice. Activated migratory DC accumulated in the MLN by 3 days post-infection (dpi) where they surrounded Lm foci. At this time, Lm burden in the MLN was reduced in Batf3−/− mice implicating Batf3-DC in the maximal accumulation of Lm. While both conventional type 1 DC (cDC1) and type 2 DC in the MLN contained Lm by 3 dpi, Batf3−/− mice exhibited a profound defect in the induction and gut homing of Lm-specific CD8 T cells. Surprisingly, restoration of pathogen burden was unable to restore CD8 T cell responses in Batf3−/− mice. Thus, cDC1 play a critical role in the generation of potent anti-Lm immunity following foodborne infection. Collectively, these data demonstrate that DC play diverse and dynamic roles in the early events that follow foodborne Lm infection, and in the establishment of protective, anti-Lm intestinal immunity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".