Dynamics and function of group 1 CD1-restricted T cells during disseminated <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> infection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is frequently associated with nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Some promising vaccine candidates act by priming conventional T cell responses, but less is known about the contribution of non-conventional T cells to SA infection. Group 1 CD1-restricted T cells are a unique subset of T cells that respond to lipid antigens presented by group 1 CD1 (CD1a, -b, –c) molecules. These molecules have low polymorphism in their antigen-binding grooves, making them attractive vaccine targets. Previous studies have shown that group 1 CD1-restricted T cells respond to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) lipids. As group 1 CD1 molecules can accommodate a variety of lipid species, we questioned whether and how group 1 CD1-restricted T cells can be activated by SA lipids. Using a transgenic mouse strain expressing human group 1 CD1 molecules (hCD1Tg), we found that group 1 CD1-restricted T cells recognize SA lipid during primary infection. hCD1Tg mice were also protected against SA kidney pathology compared with WT control mice at late times post-infection. Group 1 CD1-restricted T cells produced both IL-17 and IFN-γ in response to SA lipid. Fractionation of SA lipid into 11 discrete parts found that portions enriched in cardiolipins and phosphatidyl glycerol contained immunodominant group 1 CD1-restricted antigens. Finally, group 1 CD1-restricted SA lipid-specific T cells can be specifically detected via FACS to ultimately assay differences in gene expression between these and conventional SA Ag-specific T cells. These findings suggest a role for CD1-restricted, SA lipid-specific T cells in control of systemic SA infection, with strong implications for vaccine design.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".