Bibliographic record
Abstract
MicroRNAs in endocrinology and cell signalingSince the discovery of the first microRNA (miRNA) in C. elegans (1), our understanding of miRNA biology has been constantly expanding.It is now wellestablished that miRNAs play key roles in regulating gene expression and thereby being critically involved in the proper functioning of cells, tissues, and organisms.The role of miRNAs in the endocrine system and cellular signaling events has also been clearly revealed.They regulate the development of endocrine glands, control hormone production and secretion, and modulate the activity of hormones by affecting their receptors and intracellular signaling networks.Conversely, hormones and various cellular signaling pathways also regulate miRNA biogenesis.Finally, miRNAs are detected in body fluids and are proposed to have hormone-like activities (2-7).The proper production and activity of miRNAs ensure the normal functioning of organisms while their dysregulation is associated with the development of diseases.Many studies have reported that miRNAs regulate the differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis of hormone-producing cells.For example, miRNAs play important roles in modulating pancreatic b cell differentiation, growth and survival, and dysregulation of miRNAs has been observed in diabetic patients (8).Similarly, miRNAs regulate thyroid follicular cell proliferation and differentiation, while aberrant expression of miRNAs contributes to the development of diseases, such as goiter and thyroid cancer (9).MicroRNAs alter the production and secretion of hormones, growth factors, and other intercellular signaling molecules.For peptide hormones, miRNAs can directly target the genes encoding signaling molecules (10, 11) or indirectly by targeting genes that control their production (12).They can also target genes involved in exocytosis and therefore affecting the secretion of hormones, such as insulin (13).For non-peptide hormones, miRNAs regulate the expression of enzymes involved in hormone production or degradation.For example, several miRNAs have been reported to regulate aromatase expression and thereby affecting estradiol production (14, 15).MicroRNAs are major regulators of intracellular signaling events.They regulate the levels and/or activation of receptors and downstream mediators of hormones, growth factors, and other signaling molecules.For example, many miRNAs are known to target Frontiers in Endocrinology frontiersin.org01
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.010 | 0.014 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.022 | 0.016 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".