ETV4 Mutation in a Patient with Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the most common reason for chronic kidney disease in children. Although more than 30 monogenic causes have been implicated in isolated forms of human CAKUT so far, the vast majority remains elusive. To identify novel monogenic causes of CAKUT we applied homozygosity mapping, together with whole exome sequencing, in a patient from consanguineous descent with isolated CAKUT. We identified a homozygous missense mutation (p.Arg415His) of the Ets Translocation Variant Gene 4 (ETV4). The transcription factor ETV4 is a downstream target of the GDNF/RET signaling pathway that plays a crucial role in kidney development. We show by means of electrophoretic mobility shift assay that the Arg415His mutant causes loss of the DNA binding affinity of ETV4 and fails to activate transcription in a cell-based luciferase reporter assay. We furthermore investigated the impact of the mutant protein on cell migration rate. Unlike wildtype ETV4, the Arg415His mutant failed to rescue cell migration defects observed in two ETV4 knock-down cell-lines. We therefore identified and functionally characterized a recessive mutation in ETV4 in a human patient with CAKUT. We hypothesize that the pathomechanism of this mutation could be via loss of the transcriptional function of ETV4, and a resulting abrogation of GDNF/RET/ETV4 signaling pathway.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".