Submillimeter Sized 2D Electrothermal Optical Fiber Scanner
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Optical scanners are used frequently in medical imaging units to examine and diagnose cancers, assist with surgeries, and detect lesions and malignancies. The continuous growth in optics along with the use of optical fibers enables fabrication of imaging devices as small as a few millimeters in diameter. Most forward viewing endoscopic scanners contain an optical fiber acting as cantilever which is vibrated at resonance. In many cases, more than one actuating element is used to vibrate the optical fiber in two directions giving a 2D scan. In this paper, it is proposed to excite the cantilever fiber using a single actuator and scan a 2D region from its vibrating tip. An electrothermal actuator is optimized to provide a bidirectional (horizontal and vertical) displacement to the cantilever fiber placed on it. A periodic current, having a frequency equal to the resonant frequency of cantilever fiber, was passed through the actuator. The continuous expansion and contraction of the actuator enabled the free end of fiber to vibrate in a circle like pattern. A small change in the actuation frequency permitted the scanning of the area inside the circle.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".