Low-Temperature Superconductor rf-SQUIDs-Based Fully Integrated Reflective-Type Analog Phase Shifter for Quantum Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article presents a low-temperature superconductor (LTS)-based microwave phase shifter. The device utilizes a superconducting hybrid coupler monolithically integrated with two tunable reflective loads. An array of radio frequency superconducting quantum interference devices (rf-SQUIDs) is used to achieve inductive tuning in reflective loads, resulting in a broadband true time delay phase shift. The rf-SQUIDs are current controlled using an on-chip dc bias circuitry. The proof-of-concept fabricated device provides excellent RF performance in the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${X}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> - and Ku -band with a phase shift of 49° at 10 GHz and 67° at 15 GHz. The insertion loss is < 1.5 dB for the entire range from 8 to 18 GHz. The methods to further improve the obtained phase shift are discussed. The overall device has a chip footprint of 0.6 mm2 and is fabricated using MIT-Lincoln Lab (MIT-LL) SFQ5ee eight-layer Niobium (Nb)-based superconducting fabrication process.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".