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Mechanical ventilation in patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema: a sub-analysis of the LUNG SAFE study
Laura Amado‐Rodríguez, Raquel Rodríguez-García, Giacomo Bellani, Tài Pham, Eddy Fan, Fabiana Madotto, John G. Laffey, Guillermo M. Albaiceta, Laurent Brochard, Luciano Gattinoni, Frank van Haren, Anders Larsson, DanielF McAuley, Marco Ranieri, Gordon D. Rubenfeld, Bruce Thompson, Hermann Wrigge, Arthur S. Slutsky, Fernando Ríos, Thierry Sottiaux, Pieter Depuydt, Fredy S Lora, Luciano César Pontes Azevedo, Guillermo Bugedo, Haibo Qiu, Marcos Gonzalez, Juan Silesky, Vladimír Černý, Jonas Nielsen, Manuel Jibaja, Dimitrios Matamis, Jorge Luis Ranero, Pravin Amin, Seyed Mohammad Reza Hashemian, Kevin Clarkson, Kiyoyasu Kurahashi, Asisclo Villagómez, Amine Ali Zeggwagh, Jon Henrik Laake, Jose Emmanuel Palo, Antero Fernandes, Dorel Săndesc, Yaasen Arabi, Vesna Bumbasierevic, Nicolás Nín, José A. Lorente, Lise Piquilloud, Fekri Abroug, Lia McNamee, Javier Hurtado, Ednan K. Bajwa, Gabriel D’Empaire, Hektor Sula, Lordian Nunci, Alma Cani, Alan Zazu, Christian Dellera, Carolina S. Insaurralde, S. Lomas, San Isidro, Risso V Alejandro, Julio Daldin, Mauricio Vinzio, Ruben O Fernandez, Luis Pablo Cardonnet, Lisandro Roberto Bettini, Mariano Carboni Bisso, Emilio M. Osman, Mariano Setten, Pablo Lovazzano, Javier Álvarez, Veronica Villar, Norberto C. Pozo, Nicolas Grubissich, Gustavo Plotnikow, Daniela N. Vásquez, Santiago Ilutovich, Norberto Tiribelli, Ariel Chena, Carlos A. Pellegrini, María G. Sáenz, Elisa Estenssoro, Matías Brizuela, Hernan Gianinetto, Pablo E. Gomez, Valeria I. Cerrato, Marco Bezzi, Silvina Borello, Flavia A. Loiacono, Adriana Fernández, Serena Knowles, Claire Reynolds, Deborah Inskip, Jennene Miller, Jing Kong, Christina Whitehead, Shailesh Bihari, Aylin Seven, Amanda Krstevski, Helen Rodgers, Rebecca T. Millar, Toni E. McKenna, Irene M. Bailey, Gabrielle C Hanlon, Anders Aneman, Joan Lynch, Raman Azad, John Neal, Paul W. Woods, Brigit Roberts, Mark Kol, Helen S. Wong, Katharina Riss, Thomas Staudinger, Xavier Wittebole, Caroline Berghe, Pierre Bulpa, Alain Dive, Rik Verstraete, Herve Lebbinck, Joris Vermassen, Philippe Meersseman, Helga Ceunen, Daniel O. Beraldo, Cláudio Piras, Adenilton Rampinelli, Antonio P. Nassar, Sergio Mataloun, Marcelo Moock, MarlusM Thompson, Claudio H. Gonçalves, Ana Carolina Peçanha Antônio, Aline Ascoli, Rodrigo Biondi, Danielle C. Fontenele, Danielle Nobrega, Vanessa M. Sales, A Wahab, Maizatul Ismail, Suresh Shindhe, François Beloncle, Kyle G. Davies, Rob Cirone, Venika Manoharan, Mehvish Ismail, Ewan C. Goligher, Mandeep Jassal, Erin Nishikawa, Areej Javeed, Gerard F. Curley, Nuttapol Rittayamai, Matteo Parotto, Niall D. Ferguson, Sangeeta Mehta, Jenny Knoll, Antoine Pronovost, Sergio Canestrini, Alejandro Bruhn, Patricio García, Felipe Aliaga, Pamela A. Farías, Jacob Yumha, Claudia A. Ortiz, Javier Salas, Alejandro A. Saez, Luis Diego Solano Vega, Eduardo F. Labarca, Felipe Martínez, Nicolás G. Carreño, Pilar Lora, Haitao Liu, Ling Liu, Rui Tang, Xiaoming Luo, Youzhong An, Huiying Zhao, Yan Gao, Zhe Zhai, Zheng L. Ye, Wei Wang, Wenwen Li, Qingdong Li, Ruiqiang Zheng, Wenkui Yu, Juanhong Shen, Xinyu Li, Tao Yu, Weihua Lu, Ya Wu, Xiao Huang, Zhenyang He, Yuanhua Lu, Hui Han, Fan Zhang, Renhua Sun, Hua Wang, Shu H. Qin, Bao H. Zhu, Jun Feng Zhao, Jian Liu, Bin Li, Jing Liu, Fa C. Zhou, Qiong Li, Xing Zhang, Zhou Li-xin, Qiang Xin-Hua, Liangyan Jiang, Yuan N. Gao, Xian Zhao, Yuan Y. Li, Xiao Li, Chunting Wang, Qingchun Yao, Rongguo Yu, Kai Chen, Huanzhang Shao, Bingyu Qin, Qing Q. Huang, Wei Zhu, Ai Y. Hang, Ma X. Hua, Yimin Li, Yonghao Xu, Yu D. Di, Long L. Ling, Tie H. Qin, ShouH Wang, Jun‐Ping Qin, Yi Han, Suming Zhou, Monica P. Vargas, Juan I. Silesky Jimenez, Manuel Rojas, Jaime E. SolisQuesada, ChristianM Ramirez-Alfaro, Jan Máca, Peter Sklienka, Jakob Gjedsted, Aage Christiansen, BorisG Villamagua, I Llano, Philippe Burtin, Gautier Buzancais, Pascal Beuret, Nicolas Pelletier, Satar Mortaza, Alain Mercat, Jonathan Chelly, Sébastien Jochmans, Nicolas Terzi, Cédric Daubin, Guillaume Carteaux, Nicolas de Prost, Jean‐Daniel Chiche, Fabrice Daviaud, Muriel Fartoukh, Guillaume Barberet, Jérome Biehler, Jean Dellamonica, Denis Doyen, Jean-Michel Arnal, Anaïs Briquet, Sami Hraiech, Laurent Papazian, Arnaud Follin, Damien Roux, Jonathan Messika, Evangelos Kalaitzis, Laurence Dangers, Alain Combes, Gaetan Béduneau, Dorothée Carpentier, Elie H. Zogheib, Hervé Dupont, Sylvie Ricôme, F Santoli, Sébastien Besset, P. Michel, Bruno Gelée, Pierre-Éric Danin, B. Goubaux, Philippe J. Crova, Nga T. Phan, Frantz Berkelmans, Julio C. Badie, Romain Tapponnier, Josette Gally, Samy Khebbeb, Jean-Étienne Herbrecht, Francis Schneider, Pierre-Louis Declercq, Jean‐Philippe Rigaud, Jacques Duranteau, Anatole Harrois, Russell Chabanne, Charlene Bigot, Sandrine Thibault, Mohammed Ghazi, Messabi Boukhazna, Salem Ould Zein, Jack Richecoeur, DanieleM Combaux, Fabien Grelon, Charlène Le Moal, EliseP Sauvadet, Adrien Robine, Virginie Lemiale, Danielle Reuter, Martin Dres, Alexandre Demoule, Dany Goldgran-Tolédano, Loredana Baboi, Claude Guérin, Ralph Lohner, Jens Kraßler, Susanne Schäfer, Kai Zacharowski, Patrick Meybohm, Andreas W. Reske, Philipp Simon, Hans-Bernd Hopf, Michael Schuetz, Thomas Baltus, Metaxia Papanikolaou, Theonymfi G. Papavasilopoulou, Giannis A. Zacharas, Vasilis Ourailogloy, Eleni K. Mouloudi, Eleni V. Massa, Eva Nagy, Eleftheria Stamou, Ellada Kiourtzieva, Marina A. Oikonomou, Luis Eduardo López Ávila, Cesar A. Cortez, Johanna E. Citalán, Sameer Jog, Safal Sable, Bhagyesh Shah, Mohan Gurjar, Arvind Baronia, Mohammedfaruk Memon, Radhakrishnan Muthuchellappan, Venkatapura J. Ramesh, Anitha Shenoy, Ramesh Unnikrishnan, Subhal Dixit, RachanaV Rhayakar, Nagarajan Ramakrishnan, VallishK Bhardwaj, HeeraL Mahto, Sudha V. Sagar, Vijayanand Palaniswamy, Deeban Ganesan, Hamidreza Jamaati, Farshad Heidari‐Beni, Edel A. Meaney, Alistair Nichol, Karl M. Knapman, Donall O’croinin, EimhinS Dunne, Dorothy M. Breen, Rola Jaafar, Rory Dwyer, Fahd Amir, Olaitan O. Ajetunmobi, Aogan C. O’Muircheartaigh, ColinS Black, Nuala Treanor, Daniel Collins, Wahid Altaf, Gianluca Zani, Maurizio Fusari, Savino Spadaro, Carlo Alberto Volta, Romano Graziani, Barbara Brunettini, Paolo Formenti, Michele Umbrello, Andrea Lombardo, Elisabetta Pecci, Marco Botteri, Monica Savioli, Alessandro Protti, Alessia Mattei, Lorenzo Schiavoni, Andrea Tinnirello, Manuel Todeschini, Antonino Giarratano, Andrea Cortegiani, Sara Sher, Anna Rossi, Massimo Antonelli, Luca M. Montini, Paolo Casalena, Sergio Scafetti, Giovanna Panarello, Giovanna Occhipinti, Nicolò Patroniti, Matteo Pozzi, R Biscione, Michela M. Poli, Ferdinando Raimondi, Daniela Albiero, Giulia Crapelli, Eduardo Beck, Vincenzo Pota, Vincenzo Schiavone, Alexandre Molin, Fabio Tarantino, Giacomo Monti, Elena Frati, Lucia Mirabella, Gilda Cinnella, Tommaso Fossali, Riccardo Colombo, Pierpaolo Terragni, Ilaria Pattarino, Francesco Mojoli, Antonio Braschi, Erika Borotto, Andrea N. Cracchiolo, Daniela Maria Palma, Francesco Raponi, Giuseppe Foti, EttoreR Vascotto, Andrea Coppadoro, Luca Brazzi, Leda Floris, Giorgio Antonio Iotti, Aaron Venti, Osamu Yamaguchi, Shunsuke Takagi, Hiroki Maeyama, Eizo Watanabe, Yoshihiro Yamaji, Kazuyoshi Shimizu, Kyoko Shiozaki, Satoru Futami, Sekine Ryosuke, Koji Saito, Yoshinobu Kameyama, Keiko Ueno, Masayo Izawa, Nao Okuda, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Tomofumi Harasawa, Michitaka Nasu, Tadaaki Takada, Fumihito Ito, Shin Nunomiya, Kansuke Koyama, Toshikazu Abe, Kohkichi Andoh, Kohei Kusumoto, Akira Hirata, Akihiro Takaba, Hiroyasu Kimura, Shuhei Matsumoto, Ushio Higashijima, Hiroyuki Honda, Nobumasa Aoki, Hiroshi Imai, Yasuaki Ogino, Ichiko Mizuguchi, Kazuya Ichikado, Kenichi Nitta, Katsunori Mochizuki, Tomoaki Hashida, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Tomoyuki Nakamura, Daisuke Niimi, Takeshi Ueda, Yozo Kashiwa, Akinori Uchiyama, Oļegs Sabeļņikovs, Peteris Oss, Youssef Haddad, Kong Yen Liew, Silvio A. Ñamendys‐Silva, YvesD Jarquin-Badiola, Luis Alejandro Sánchez‐Hurtado, Saira S. Gomez-Flores, María C. Marín, AsiscloJ Villagomez, Jordana S Lemus, Jonathan M. Fierro, Mavy Ramirez Cervantes, Francisco Javier Flores Mejia, Dulce Dector, Alejandro Rojas‐Fernández, Daniel R. González, Claudia R. Estrella, Jorge R. Sanchez-Medina, Alvaro Ramirez-Gutierrez, Fernando G. George, Janet S. Aguirre, Juan A. Buensuseso, Manuel Poblano, Tarek Dendane, Hicham Balkhi, Mina Elkhayari, Nacer Samkaoui, Hanane Ezzouine, Abdellatif Benslama, Mourad Amor, Wajdi Maazouzi, Nedim Cimic, Oliver Beck, Monique M. Bruns, Jeroen Schouten, Myra Rinia, Monique Raaijmakers, Hellen M. Van Wezel, Serge J Heines, Ulrich Strauch, Marc P. Buise, Fabienne D. Simonis, Marcus J. Schultz, Jennifer Goodson, Troy Browne, Leanlove Navarra, Anna Hunt, Robyn A. Hutchison, Mathew B. Bailey, Lynette Newby, Colin McArthur, Michael Kalkoff, Alex Mcleod, Jonathan Casement, DanielleJ Hacking, Finn H. Andersen, Merete S. Dolva, Jon H. Laake, Andreas Barratt‐Due, Kim Andre L. Noremark, Eldar Søreide, BritÅ Sjøbø, AnneB Guttormsen, Hector H. LeonYoshido, Ronald Zumaran Aguilar, Fredy A. Montes Oscanoa, Alain U. Alisasis, Joanne B. Robles, Rossini Abbie B. Pasanting-Lim, Beatriz C. Tan, Paweł Andruszkiewicz, Karina Jakubowska, Cristina M. Coxo, António M. Alvarez, Bruno S. Oliveira, Gustavo M. Montanha, Nélson Barros, Carlos S. Pereira, António M. Messias, Jorge Monteiro, AnaM Araujo, NunoT Catorze, Susan Marum, Maria J. Bouw, Rui Gomes, Vania A. Brito, Sílvia Castro, Joana Berger‐Estilita, Filipa Barros, IsabelM Serra, Aurelia M. Martinho, Dana Tomescu, Alexandra Marcu, Ovidiu Horea Bedreag, Marius Papurica, Dan Corneci, Silvius Negoiţă, E. V. Grigoryev, А. И. Грицан, Andrey A. Gazenkampf, Ghaleb Almekhlafi, Mohamad M. Albarrak, Ghanem M. Mustafa, Khalid Maghrabi, Nawal Salahuddin, Tharwat Aisa, A Al-Jabbary, Edgardo E. Tabhan, YaseenM Arabi, Yaseen M. Arabi, Olivia A. Trinidad, Hasan M. Al‐Dorzi, Vesna Bumbaširević, Bojan Jovanović, Stefan Bolon, Oliver Smith, Jordi Mancebo, Hernán Aguirre-Bermeo, JuanC Lopez-Delgado, Francisco Esteve, Gemma Rialp, Catalina Forteza, Candelaria de Haro, Antonio Artigas, GuillermoM Albaiceta, Sara De Cima-Iglesias, Leticia Seoane‐Quiroga, Alexandra Ceniceros-Barros, AntonioL RuizAguilar, LuisM Claraco-Vega, Juan Alfonso Soler, Maria del CarmenLorente, Cecilia Hermosa, Federico Gordo, Miryam PrietoGonzález, JuanB López-Messa, ManuelP Perez, CesarP Perez, R. Montoiro Allué, Ferran RocheCampo, Marcos Ibañez-Santacruz, Susana Temprano, Maria C. Pintado, Pilar Ricart Aroa Gómez, Silvia Rodriguez Ruiz, Silvia Iglesias Moles, Maria Teresa Jurado, Alfons Arizmendi, Enrique A. Piacentini, Nieves Franco, Teresa Honrubia, Meisy Perez Cheng, Javier Blanco, Luis J. Yuste, Cecilia Carbayo-Gorriz, Francisca G. Cazorla-Barranquero, Javier García Alonso, Rosa Sebastián Alda, Ángela Algaba, Gonzalo Navarro, Enrique Cereijo, Esther Díaz‐Rodriguez, Diego Pastor Marcos, Laura Alvarez Montero, Luis Herrera Para, Roberto Jiménez Sánchez, Miguel Angel Blasco Navalpotro, Ricardo Diaz Abad, Raquel Montiel González, Dácil Parrilla Toribio, Alejandro G. Castro, Maria Jose D. Artiga, Oscar Penuelas, Tomas P. Roser, Moreno F. Olga, Elena Gallego Curto, Rocío Manzano Sánchez, Vallverdu P. Imma, Garcia M. Elisabet, Laura Claverías, Monica Magret, Ana M. Pellicer, Lucia L. Rodriguez, Jesús Sánchez-Ballesteros, Ángela González-Salamanca, AntonioG Jimenez, F Huerta, Juan Carlos J. Sotillo Diaz, Esther Bermejo Lopez, David D. Llinares Moya, Alec A. Tallet Alfonso, Palazon Sanchez Eugenio Luis, Palazon Sanchez Cesar, Sánchez Rafael, CorcolesG Virgilio, NoeliaN Recio, Richard O. Adamsson, Christian Rylander, Bernhard Holzgraefe, Lars M Broman, Joanna Wessbergh, Linnea Persson, Fredrik Schiöler, Hans Kedelv, Anna Oscarsson Tibblin, Henrik Appelberg, Lars Hedlund, Johan Helleberg, KarinE Eriksson, Rita Glietsch, Niklas Larsson, Ingela Nygren, SilviaL Nunes, Anna-Karin Morin, Thomas Kander, Anne Adolfsson, H O Zender, Corinne Leemann-Refondini, Souheil Elatrous, S Bouchoucha, Imed Chouchene, Islem Ouanes, Asma Ben Souissi, Salma Kamoun, Oktay Demirkıran, Mustafa Aker, Emre Erbabacan, İlkay Ceylan, Nermin Kelebek Girgin, Menekşe Özçelik, Necmettin Ünal, Başak Ceyda Meço, OnatO Akyol, SuleymanS Derman, Barry Kennedy, Ken Parhar, Latha Srinivasa, Phil Hopkins, Clare Mellis, Vivek Kakar, Dan Hadfield, André Vercueil, Kaushik Bhowmick, Sally Humphreys, Andrew Ferguson, Raymond McKee, Ashok Raj, Danielle A. Fawkes, Philip Watt, Linda Twohey, Rajeev Ranjan Jha, Matthew Thomas, Alex Morton, Varsha Kadaba, Mark Smith, Anil Hormis, Santhana Kannan, Miriam Namih, Henrik Reschreiter, Julie Camsooksai, Alek Kumar, Szabolcs Rugonfalvi, Christopher Nutt, Orla Oneill, Colette Seasman, Ged Dempsey, ChristopherJ Scott, HelenE Ellis, Stuart McKechnie, P. Hutton, Nora Di Tomasso, Michela Vitale, Ruth Griffin, MichaelN Dean, JuliusH Cranshaw, EmmaL Willett, Nicholas Ioannou, Sarah Gillis, Péter Csábi, Rosaleen Macfadyen, Heidi Dawson, PieterD Preez, Alexandra Williams, Owen Boyd, Laura Ortiz-Ruiz de Gordoa, Jon Bramall, Sophie Symmonds, SimonK Chau, Tim Wenham, Tamás Szakmány, Piroska Toth-Tarsoly, KatieH McCalman, Peter Alexander, Lorraine Stephenson, Thomas Collyer, Rhiannon Chapman, Raphael Cooper, Russell Allan, Malcolm Sim, David W Wrathall, DonaldA Irvine, Charing Kim S. Zantua, John C. Adams, Andrew Burtenshaw, Gareth P. Sellors, Ingeborg Welters, Karen E. Williams, Robert J. Hessell, Matthew G. Oldroyd, Ceri Battle, Suresh Pillai, Istvan Kajtor, Mageswaran Sivashanmugavel, Sinead C. Okane, Adrian Donnelly, Aniko Frigyik, Jon P. Careless, Martin M May, Richard Stewart, T. J. Trinder, SamanthaJ Hagan, JadeM Cole, Caroline C. MacFie, AnnaT Dowling, Edgardo Nuñez, Gustavo Pittini, Ruben Rodriguez, María C. Imperio, Cristina Santos, Ana Graciela França, Alejandro Ebeid, Alberto Deicas, Carolina Serra, Aditya Uppalapati, Ghassan Kamel, Valerie Banner‐Goodspeed, Jeremy R. Beitler, Satyanarayana Reddy Mukkera, Shreedhar Kulkarni, John O. Shinn, Dina Gomaa, Christopher Tainter, Jarone Lee, Tomaž Mesar, DaleJ Yeatts, Jessica Warren, MichaelJ Lanspa, R. Miller, ColinK Grissom, SamuelM Brown, Philippe R. Bauer, Ryan J. Gosselin, Barrett T. Kitch, Jason Cohen, Scott Beegle, Shazia Choudry, Renaud Gueret, Aiman Tulaimat, William S. Stigler, Hitesh Batra, Nidhi G. Huff, Keith D. Lamb, Trevor W Oetting, Nicholas M. Mohr, Claine Judy, Shigeki Saito, Fayez Kheir, A Schlichting, Angela Delsing, Daniel R. Crouch, Dina Ismail, Kyle R. Dreyer, Thomas C Blakeman, Rebecca M. Baro, Peter C. Hou, Raghu R. Seethala, Imo Aisiku, Galen V. Henderson, György Frendl, Sen‐Kuang Hou, RobertL Owens, Ashley Schomer
Bibliographic record
VenueJournal of Intensive Care · 2022
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicRespiratory Support and Mechanisms
Canadian institutionsUniversity of TorontoUniversity Health NetworkMount Sinai Hospital
FundersInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIFundación para el Fomento en Asturias de la Investigación Científica Aplicada y la Tecnología
KeywordsMedicineInterquartile rangeMechanical ventilationHazard ratioConfidence intervalPulmonary edemaInternal medicineTidal volumeProspective cohort studyCardiologyVentilation (architecture)AnesthesiaLungRespiratory system
Abstract
Abstract Background Patients with acute respiratory failure caused by cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE) may require mechanical ventilation that can cause further lung damage. Our aim was to determine the impact of ventilatory settings on CPE mortality. Methods Patients from the LUNG SAFE cohort, a multicenter prospective cohort study of patients undergoing mechanical ventilation, were studied. Relationships between ventilatory parameters and outcomes (ICU discharge/hospital mortality) were assessed using latent mixture analysis and a marginal structural model. Results From 4499 patients, 391 meeting CPE criteria (median age 70 [interquartile range 59–78], 40% female) were included. ICU and hospital mortality were 34% and 40%, respectively. ICU survivors were younger (67 [57–77] vs 74 [64–80] years, p < 0.001) and had lower driving (12 [8–16] vs 15 [11–17] cmH2O, p < 0.001), plateau (20 [15–23] vs 22 [19–26] cmH2O, p < 0.001) and peak (21 [17–27] vs 26 [20–32] cmH2O, p < 0.001) pressures. Latent mixture analysis of patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation on ICU day 1 revealed a subgroup ventilated with high pressures with lower probability of being discharged alive from the ICU (hazard ratio [HR] 0.79 [95% confidence interval 0.60–1.05], p = 0.103) and increased hospital mortality (HR 1.65 [1.16–2.36], p = 0.005). In a marginal structural model, driving pressures in the first week (HR 1.12 [1.06–1.18], p < 0.001) and tidal volume after day 7 (HR 0.69 [0.52–0.93], p = 0.015) were related to survival. Conclusions Higher airway pressures in invasively ventilated patients with CPE are related to mortality. These patients may be exposed to an increased risk of ventilator-induced lung injury. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02010073
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.003
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.002
Threshold uncertainty score0.012
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.010
GPT teacher head0.251
Teacher spread0.241 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations17
Published2022
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes