Directions for the implementation of foreign experience in operative and investigative counteraction to intentional murders by criminal police units (on the example of Canada and the USA)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recently, scientific interest in the study of foreign experience in combating criminal illegality among domestic scientists is constantly growing, which indicates an effort to investigate the best preventive practices of separate countries and the search for ways of their implementation in Ukraine. However, with regard to the direct study of the foreign experience of operative and investigative countermeasures against intentional murders by police units of various foreign countries, there is a lack of such studies today, which increases the relevance of the chosen direction and gives prospects for determining effective practices using a targeted approach to combating deliberate murders and defining such a model of operative and investigative activity. The choice of an appropriate strategy by a particular state and the formation of an appropriate preventive program or a program to combat criminal wrongdoing is determined not only by the current criminogenic situation in this country and in the world in general, but also by the relevant historical, cultural and religious traditions. When considering the specifics of combating criminal wrongdoing in a particular country, it is necessary to take into account the country's membership of the corresponding criminological system. Modern criminology distinguishes Anglo-American, Western European, East Asian, socialist, Muslim and mixed criminological systems. The reforms that have been taking place in Ukraine recently require restructuring and a significant increase in the level of efficiency and quality of law enforcement agencies. First of all, these requirements apply to operational units, patrol police and community police officers. Successful implementation of the tasks assigned to these divisions is impossible without taking into account the best examples of the experience of countries such as Canada and the USA. The purpose of the article is to analyze the international experience of operational and investigative prevention of intentional homicides by criminal police units, as well as legislation that provides for the development of an effective system of prevention of intentional homicides in Ukraine. The task of the research is the analysis of various programs to combat intentional homicides that operate in different countries of the world, as well as the international experience of operative and investigative prevention of intentional homicides, which can become the basis for the development of appropriate Ukrainian legislation in this area. The positive international experience of operative and investigative prevention of intentional murders is analyzed. The experience of the USA in combating criminal wrongdoing, in particular intentional murders, is considered, and three models of preventive activity are distinguished and analyzed: the model of social institutions, the model of individual safety, and the model of influence through the environment. It was concluded that conducting a comparative analysis of the prevention of intentional homicides in different countries is the basis for the development of the most promising directions for improving domestic legislation in this area.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.015 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".