Oxidative stress and related metabolic alterations are induced in ex situ perfusion of donated hearts regardless of the ventricular load or leukocyte depletion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We sought to determine the role of donor blood circulating leukocytes in mediating oxidative stress and inflammation during normothermic ex situ heart perfusion (ESHP). Normothermic ESHP allows preservation of donated heart in a perfused, dynamic state, preventing ischemia. However, the cardiac function declines during ESHP, limiting the potential of this method for improvement of the outcomes of transplantation and expanding the donor pool. Extracorporeal circulation-related oxidative stress plays a critical role in the functional decline of the donor heart. Hearts from domestic pigs were perfused in working mode (WM, whole blood-based or leukocyte-depleted blood-based perfusate) or nonworking mode. Markers of oxidative stress and responsive glucose anabolic pathways were induced in the myocardium regardless of left ventricular load. Myocardial function during ESHP as well as cardioprotective mechanisms were preserved better in WM. Leukocyte-depleted perfusate did not attenuate tissue oxidative stress or perfusate proinflammatory cytokines and did not improve functional preservation. Although ESHP is associated with ongoing oxidative stress and metabolic alteration in the myocardium, preserved cardioprotective mechanisms in WM may exert beneficial effects. Leukocyte depletion of the perfusate may not attenuate inflammation and oxidative stress effectively or improve the functional preservation of the heart during ESHP.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".