ADUs and the Just City: How additional dwelling units can shape urban environments toward equitable outcomes in Canadian cities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using the model of a Just City the goal of this paper is to contribute to the discussion of additional dwelling units (ADUs) by connecting disparate literature on ADUs in North America to the body of spatial justice and posit a way forward that recognizes the drawbacks of a system of individual property ownership, while hypothesizing that more equitable outcomes could be achieved through the inclusion of ADUs within the private market system through government regulation. This paper argues that through the lens of equity, democracy, and diversity, ADUs have the potential to lead to more just outcomes within a privatized market housing system, where homeownership is both the dominant tenure and ideology. Accounting for the inequities of informal ADUs and the contradictions within a capitalist, financialised housing system, new pathways are conceived to both encourage and regulate the ADUs to ensure security of tenure and protection against market pressures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".