A mechanochemically created durable <i>dynamic</i> superhydrophilic‐ <i>like</i> surface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Superhydrophilicity (superwettability) is generally defined as either a static water contact angle near 0° or water completely wetting the surface. Here, we show that there is a superhydrophilic‐ like surface that has a large static water contact angle but demonstrates superhydrophilicity in its dynamic water contact performance. We found that polyethylene terephthalate (PET) surfaces showed such behavior following mechanical abrasion with sandpaper. We have evaluated the wettability of the abraded PET surfaces by using static water contact angle (SWCA) measurements and the dynamic water contact performance (DWCP) of impacting droplets, the latter including water sprays, water immersion, anti‐fogging and water droplet impact tests. The water was found to completely wet the abraded PET surfaces on spraying or immersion, although the measured SWCA was as high as 70°, similar to that of the unabraded PET surface. For the abraded PET surface, both the water layer thickness on water immersion and the subsequent drying time were similar to those of an especially coated superhydrophilic layer on the unabraded surface. Accordingly, superhydrophilicity may be determined by the process used to measure it.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".