Bifunctional Water Splitting Performance of NiFe LDH Improved by Pd<sup>2+</sup> Doping
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Nobel metal doping is an effective strategy to enhance the catalytic activity of electrocatalysts. Herein, a novel bifunctional electrocatalyst based on NiFe layered double hydroxide with ultra‐low Pd 2+ doping (NiFePd LDH) was constructed by a one‐step hydrothermal method, where the Pd 2+ is introduced by PdCl 4 2− . The results show that Ni 2+ and Pd 2+ species are concomitantly deposited, and the slow‐release introduction of Pd 2+ improves the element uniform distribution and effectively affects the electronic structures of active species by inducing local defects and lattice distortions, which is beneficial for stimulating the catalytic activity of NiFePd LDH. Under the optimal hydrothermal time, NiFePd LDH‐3 h only requires OER/HER overpotentials of 270 mV at 50 mA cm −2 /‐316 mV at −10 mA cm −2 , respectively, whose Tafel slopes are only 69.3/135.8 mV dec −1 . As a bifunctional catalyst, it achieves a low voltage of 1.74 V at 10 mA cm −2 for overall water splitting with excellent long‐term durability.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it