Designing and Building an Intelligent Pavement Management System for Urban Road Networks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pavement maintenance plays a significant role in megacities. Managing complaints and scheduling road reviews are the two maintenance concerns under the intelligent pavement management system (PMS) plan. In contrast, if the damages are not treated immediately, they will increase over time. By leveraging accurate data from sensors, smart PMS will improve management capability, support sustainability, and drive economic growth in the road network. This research aimed to elaborate on the different modules of an intelligent city pavement network to advance to a sustainable city. First, a 3D mobile light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor, accompanied by a camera, was applied as the data collection tool. Although 3D mobile LiDAR data have gained popularity, they lack precise detection of pavement distresses, including cracks. As a result, utilizing RGB imaging may help to detect distresses properly. Two approaches were integrated alongside conducting the data analysis in this paper: (1) ArcGIS pro, developed by Esri Inc., which includes noise removal, digital elevation model (DEM) generation, and pavement and building footprint extraction; (2) the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (AASHTOWare PMED), which was used to assess site specifications such as traffic, weather, subbase, and current pavement conditions in an effort to design the most appropriate pavement for each road section. For the 3D visualization module, CityEngine (a software from Esri) was used to provide the 3D city model. After implementing the research methodology, we drew the following conclusions: (1) using the AASHTOWare PMED method to make decisions about road maintenance and rehabilitation(M&R) actions can significantly speed up the decision-making process, essentially saving time and money and shortening the project’s duration; and (2) if the road conditions are similar, the smart geographical information system (GIS)-based PMS can make consistent decisions about road M&R strategies, i.e., the interference from human factors is less significant.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".